Summary
Personal Information
Crime
Voyage
Transportation
Edward Carolan was transported on the Bangalore, departing 11th Apr 1848 and arriving 14th Jul 1848 with 205 passengers.
Built 1843 at Jersey. Wood barque of 877 Tons.
Bangalore (generic)References
| Primary Source | Australian Joint Copying Project. Microfilm Roll 92, Class and Piece Number HO11/15, Page Number 293 (148). Tasmanian Archives - convicts. -0- Edgar, W. (Bill). (2018). “The precarious voyage of her majesty’s convict ship ‘Nile’ to the Swan River colony, late 1857 – and the unexpected aftermath.” The Great Circle, 40(1), 20–43. -0- Bateson, Charles (2004), “The convict ships 1787-1868”, Library of Australian History, Sydney, CD. |
| Source Description | This record is one of the entries in the British convict transportation registers 1787-1867 database compiled by State Library of Queensland from British Home Office (HO) records which are available on microfilm as part of the Australian Joint Copying Pro |
| Original Source | Great Britain. Home Office |
| Compiled By | State Library of Queensland |
| Database Source | British convict transportation registers 1787-1867 database |
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Convict Notes
1844, 28 May: The Thames arrived at Bermuda (https://www.ancestry.com.au/imageviewer/collections/9163/images/ho8_080_0113). After separate confinement, prisoners moved on to the second stage in the penal process. They were “placed on work parties at various locations, most commonly naval stations, where maintenance of facilities was vital for the effective protection of Britain’s far flung commercial and military influences around the world. While there, attitude and behaviour were monitored closely. In theory, only after consistently positive reports was a prisoner moved on to the third stage of his incarceration—transportation.” (Edgar, 2018, p40) Bermuda and Gibraltar Islands, along with the English prisons of Portland, Portsmouth and Chatham, and Spike Island in Ireland, were listed public works stations. --0--
TO BERMUDA 1844, 25 April: The Thames sailed from Portsmouth for Bermuda (The Sun, 26 April, p6, at https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002194/18440426/059/0006). --0--
NEWSPAPER REPORT OF CONVICT EMBARKATIONS 1844, 25 April: “One hundred and seventy convicts embarked on Tuesday [23 April] at Portsmouth on board the Thames convict ship, which was to have sailed yesterday for Bermuda, taking letters and dispatches for Sir Charles Adam, commander-in-chief on that station.” (Morning Herald, p6, at https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002408/18440425/040/0006) --0--
EMBARKATION ON THE THAMES 1844, 23 April: Edward Carolan, convict #1431, was sent from the York hulk at Gosport to board the Thames for Bermuda (UK, Prison Commission Records, 1770-1951 for Edward Carolan; Misc. Register of Prisoners; 1808-1814 [mislabelled]; https://www.ancestry.com.au/imageviewer/collections/61810/images/61810_pcom2_136-00075, image 76). --0--
REFITTING THE THAMES 1844, 8 March: The Thames was at Chatham, according to the Morning Advertiser (p3), where her “fitting for a convict ship for Bermuda [is] drawing fast towards completion. She is ordered to be put out of dock on the 23d instant.” (https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001427/18440309/018/0003) 1844, 6 April: “The Thames convict-ship, for Bermuda, was put out of dock at Chatham on Tuesday. She is all ataunt [shipshape, fully rigged], and will be ready to receive her freight of prisoners in a fortnight.” (Morning Herald, p7, at https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18440406/002/0001) 1844, 13 April: “The Thames, convict-ship, for Bermuda, Assistant Master Attendant A. Karlev in charge, embarked the remainder of the convicts from the Fortitude hulk, at Chatham, yesterday, and is expected to sail to-day for Portsmouth, where she will tranship her convicts to the hulk at that port, and take 300 others from that establishment for service at Bermuda.” The Thames was at Spithead (a strait of the English Channel, off Portsmouth) on 21 April. (London Evening Standard, p4, at https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18440413/031/0004) 1844, 22 April: “The Thames, convict-ship, Master Commander M. Bradshaw, arrived at Portsmouth, on Friday morning, from Chatham, with a number of convicts from Chatham, who, having but a short period of imprisonment to serve, will be landed to work out their time in the hulks at Portsmouth. She will take on board a number sentenced to a long term of imprisonment, and convey them to Bermuda, where the Thames (formerly a 42-gun frigate) will be permanently stationed as a convict-ship. Orders have been sent to Sir Charles Adam, the commander in chief in the West Indies, to break up the Antelope, the present convict-ship in Bermuda, on the arrival of the Thames.” (London Evening Standard, p3, https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18440422/024/0003) --00--
1844, 27 February: He was sent from Millbank to board the “Thames Frigate” for Bermuda (https://www.ancestry.com.au/discoveryui-content/view/312990:61805, image 88). However, the Thames was not ready to receive convicts at this stage, and the men and boys from Millbank were sent to board the York hulk at Gosport. On the York hulk, Edward Carolan was listed as convict #1431, age 16; housebreaking and theft, previous conviction, tried Edinburgh, 7 Nov 1843, 10 years, convicted 4 times before; born Edinburgh (Cowgate). Description – brown hair, dark hazel eyes, fresh complexion, oval visage, slight build, 5’4” tall; marks – slightly pockmarked, small scar on back of left hand, scar right shoulder blade; reads; labourer. Family – mother Sarah at Cowgate, Edinburgh (https://www.ancestry.com.au/imageviewer/collections/61810/images/61810_pcom2_136-00074, image 76) --0--
PRISONS & HULKS 1843, Nov-Dec: Held at Edinburgh Gaol. -- 1843, 8 December: Edward Carolan was admitted to Millbank Prison, London. Listed as 16 years old [when convicted], convicted “theft by housebreaking”, Edinburgh Sessions 7 Nov 1843; 10 years; single, able to read, labourer; four previous convictions for theft, and “connexions indifferent” (UK, Criminal Records, 1780-1871 for Edward Carolan; Prison Registers and Statistical Returns; 1843-1844; HO 24/1; at https://www.ancestry.com.au/discoveryui-content/view/312990:61805, image 88). “After a sentence of transportation was handed down, the prisoner entered into a separate stage where he was placed into an individual cell, isolated from others, apart from brief periods of exercise and attendance at chapel. However, no communication of any kind with other prisoners was permitted at any time. The philosophy behind this penal methodology had its provenances in the religious, monastic traditions; i.e., that in the isolation of his cell the malefactor would be able to contemplate the errors of his way, unadulterated by the negative influences of former contemporaries, and be reformed.” (Edgar, 2018, pp39-40) When first put into practice, the mandated period of separate confinement was 18 months. By the late 1840s, authorities had conceded that such conditions of imprisonment were “injurious to many prisoners’ mental health” and the stint was reduced to 12 months. Periods of separate confinement were reduced further “as a prisoner displayed good behaviour tendencies” (Edgar, p40). Millbank, Pentonville, Wakefield and Mountjoy in Ireland were the “Probation” or “Separate” prisons, as were some local jails. --0--
NEWSPAPER REPORT OF TRIAL "TUESDAY, Nov. 7. Andrew Rafferty, Edward Carolan and Edward McCuIloch were placed at the bar, charged with theft by means of housebreaking, and by opening of lock-fast places in so far as, on the night of the 6th July last, they had broken into the counting-house of Messrs Usher, brewers, Hume's Close, Merchant Street, and carried off four guineas in money and some other articles. There was a second charge of stealing a pair of trousers from a broker's door in the Cowgate. They were also libelled as habit and repute and previously convicted. They were all three found guilty, and sentenced to ten years' transportation each." (The Scotsman, 8 Nov. 1843, p3, at https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000540/18431108/035/0003) --00--
TRIAL 1843, 7 November: High Court, Edinburgh -- Edward McCulloch, Edward Carolan and Andrew Rafferty for the crime of theft by housebreaking, habit and repute, and previous conviction -- guilty. Edward McCulloch - Transportation 10 years. Previous convictions: theft. Edward Carolan - Transportation 10 years. Previous convictions: theft. Andrew Rafferty - Transportation 10 years. Previous convictions: theft (National Records of Scotland, Reference JC26/1843/531 at https://catalogue.nrscotland.gov.uk/). --0--
PRECOGNITION Title: Precognition against Edward Carolan, Edward McCulloch, Andrew Rafferty for the crime of theft by housebreaking, habit and repute, and previous conviction Date: 1843 Accused: Edward Carolan, Address: Hume's Close, Cowgate, Edinburgh. Accused: Edward McCulloch, labourer, Address: Toddrick's Wynd, High Street, Edinburgh. Accused: Andrew Rafferty, cork cutter, Address: Edinburgh. (Crown Office precognitions, 1843, National Records of Scotland, Reference AD14/43/357 at https://catalogue.nrscotland.gov.uk/) --0--