Summary
Personal Information
Transportation
George Hayman was transported on the Nile, departing 18th Sep 1857 and arriving 1st Jan 1858 with 271 passengers.
Nile (generic)References
| Primary Source | Australian Joint Copying Project. Microfilm Roll 93, Class and Piece Number HO11/18, Page Number 233 (118). --00--Chipulina, Neville (2013). “1842 - The 'Gib' Convicts - Skipper Figallo and the Fandangillo”, available at https://gibraltar-intro.blogspot.com/2013/08/1842-gib-convicts-figallo-and.html. --00--Edgar, W. (Bill). (2018). “The precarious voyage of her majesty’s convict ship ‘Nile’ to the Swan River colony, late 1857 – and the unexpected aftermath.” The Great Circle, 40(1), 20–43. |
| Source Description | This record is one of the entries in the British convict transportation registers 1787-1867 database compiled by State Library of Queensland from British Home Office (HO) records which are available on microfilm as part of the Australian Joint Copying Pro |
| Original Source | Great Britain. Home Office |
| Compiled By | State Library of Queensland |
| Database Source | British convict transportation registers 1787-1867 database |
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Convict Notes
CORRECTION -- the above article must be about another George Hayman, as the details below indicate. --00-- DEATH OF GEORGE HAYMAN: Name: George Hayman Gender: Male Birth Date: 1828 Birth Place: Devon, England Death Date: 5 Aug 1888 Death Place: City of Perth, Western Australia, Australia Cemetery: East Perth Cemeteries Burial or Cremation Place: Perth, City of Perth, Western Australia, Australia Has Bio?: Y Spouse: Sabina Hayman Bridget Hayman Children: Ellen Catchpole; Samuel John Hayman URL: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/155370485/george-hayman A notation on the FindAGrave site says "Parents:- William Hayman & Mary Masters. Married (1) 27/05/1860 Perth Bridget O'Connell Married (2) 14/04/1888 Perth Sabina Pender Convict No 4711". --00--
Trove article at https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3125792
21 May, 1889: From the The West Australian (Perth), p4: "Storm at Fremantle... A man named George Hayman, in the employment of Mr Law at the extension of the jetty, met with a severe accident during the prevalence of the gale. He was engaged on the works in lashing some timber, when a heavy sea broke over where he was, throwing a heavy plank against his side. He was taken away, and it was found that several of his ribs were broken." --0--
IN WA: From his FREMANTLE jail record: HAYMAN, George; inmate #4711, arrived 1 Jan 1858 per Nile Date of Birth: 1829 Marital Status: Unmarried Occupation: Farm labourer Sentence Place: Exeter, Devon, England Crime: Buggery Sentence Period: Life, commuted Ticket of Leave Date: 18 Mar 1858 Conditional Pardon Date: 13 Nov 1860 Comments: Self-employed, 1859 (https://fremantleprison.com.au/). --00--
8 September, 1857: Sent to board the NILE for transportation to WA; convict #26/4294. He was noted in prison as being "very industrious"; behaviour on the voyage was “very good” (Western Australia, Australia, Convict Records, 1846-1930; Convict Department, Registers; Convicts Transported Per Nile (R32)). --00--
4 July, 1857: Returned to England per the Hamilla Mitchell; admitted to PORTSMOUTH prison, in Penny Street, Portsmouth, Hampshire; inmate #4294. He was listed as 21 years old (when convicted), Church of England, and able to read and write. Next of kin -- "parents live at Blackawton" (about 10 miles north of Kingsbridge where he was originally committed to stand trial in 1849). “Nothing against his character prior to this offence” is written under “Previous convictions and character”. By this time, he had served 8 years 1 month and 22 days in jail (UK, Prison Commission Records, 1770-1951; Portsmouth Prison; Registers of Prisoners; 1855-1858). --0--
18 February, 1851: He was sent to GIBRALTAR per the Cornwall, where he laboured on public works for almost 6 years 5 months. The penal servitude system used Gibraltar as an outlying branch of Millbank — “the terrible base prison” in London on whose site the Tate Gallery now stands. “It never promised more remission than one year in four, and sentences were high” (Chipulina 2013). Between 1842 and 1875, Gibraltar, along with Bermuda, was regarded as the second stage in the penal process (along with Portsmouth, Portland and Chatham in England and Spike Island in Ireland) “whereby convicts spent one to three years on public works, after which they would be sent on to Australia” (Chipulina 2013). After separate confinement, prisoners were “placed on work parties at various locations, most commonly naval stations, where maintenance of facilities was vital for the effective protection of Britain’s far flung commercial and military influences around the world. While there, attitude and behaviour were monitored closely. In theory, only after consistently positive reports was a prisoner moved on to the third stage of his incarceration—transportation.” (Edgar 2018, p40). On Gibraltar, as “convicts worked together with free men on the dockyards, lines between them became blurred. Convicts, like seamen, were ‘easily recognised’ by ‘their swarthy, weather beaten complexions…[and] muscular well-knit frames’. The discipline on the penal settlement was also influenced by the naval department, who superintended part of the works. In the 1840s, for example, convicts were provided ‘a half gill of rum’ at 11 AM and 5PM, which they drank from a trough. This mirrored the daily allowance of diluted rum, known as grog, to Royal Naval seamen in the Victorian era. Convicts were also allowed to use part of their earnings, to buy goods, usually tobacco, which they were allowed to smoke in the evening in the barracks. Though official correspondence cited health reasons for grog allowance, it seems likely that the convict authorities feared insubordination if they were banned from drinking and smoking, which were provided to the sappers and dockyard workers whom they worked alongside…. In 1854, the acting overseer stated that “half of the offences were committed when the men were excited by rum”. For more serious offences, convicts were flogged with a ‘cat o’nine tails’ whip against the ‘flogging mast’, and during an investigation Dr William Baly concluded that the whip which was used was an old naval cat, which was ‘much heavier than any now used in the government prison and hulks at home, or in the army.’” (Roscoe, 2018). --0--
10 August, 1850: Admitted to PORTLAND jail in Dorset -- inmate #1708. Portland, Portsmouth, Chatham and Spike Island in Ireland were listed public works stations and the second stage in the penal process. After separate confinement, prisoners were “placed on work parties at various locations, most commonly naval stations, where maintenance of facilities was vital for the effective protection of Britain’s far flung commercial and military influences around the world. While there, attitude and behaviour were monitored closely. In theory, only after consistently positive reports was a prisoner moved on to the third stage of his incarceration—transportation.” (Edgar, p40) Details for George Hayman as above for Pentonville, no next of kin listed on either record (UK, Prison Commission Records, 1770-1951 for George Hayman; Portland Prison; Prison Records; Undated). --0--
25 October, 1849: Admitted to PENTONVILLE prison, Caledonian Road, London. Inmate # 2638 -- served 9 months 11 days in separate confinement. Sentenced to life for "an unnatural crime with a mare". “After a sentence of transportation was handed down, the prisoner entered into a separate stage where he was placed into an individual cell, isolated from others, apart from brief periods of exercise and attendance at chapel. However, no communication of any kind with other prisoners was permitted at any time. The philosophy behind this penal methodology had its provenances in the religious, monastic traditions; i.e., that in the isolation of his cell the malefactor would be able to contemplate the errors of his way, unadulterated by the negative influences of former contemporaries, and be reformed.” (Edgar, 2018, pp39-40) When first put into practice, the mandated period of separate confinement was 18 months. By the late 1840s, authorities had conceded that such conditions of imprisonment were “injurious to many prisoners’ mental health” and the stint was reduced to 12 months. Periods of separate confinement were reduced further “as a prisoner displayed good behaviour tendencies” (Edgar, p40). Millbank, Pentonville, Wakefield and Mountjoy in Ireland were the “Probation” or “Separate” prisons, as were some local jails. George Hayman was listed as 21 when convicted, single, a farm labourer, able to read and write, and Protestant (UK, Prison Commission Records, 1770-1951 for Geo Hayman; Pentonville Prison; Register of Prisoners; 1849-1850). --0--
July, 1849: Held at EXETER (most likely at the Exeter City Gaol and Bridewell, Queen Street and Northernhay Street, Exeter, Devon). --0--