Summary
Personal Information
Crime
Transportation
Jonathan Taylor was transported on the Nile, departing 18th Sep 1857 and arriving 1st Jan 1858 with 271 passengers.
Nile (generic)References
| Primary Source | Australian Joint Copying Project. Microfilm Roll 93, Class and Piece Number HO11/18, Page Number 236. --00--Chipulina, Neville (2013). “1842 - The 'Gib' Convicts - Skipper Figallo and the Fandangillo”, available at https://gibraltar-intro.blogspot.com/2013/08/1842-gib-convicts-figallo-and.html --00--Edgar, W. (Bill). (2018). “The precarious voyage of her majesty’s convict ship ‘Nile’ to the Swan River colony, late 1857 – and the unexpected aftermath.” The Great Circle, 40(1), 20–43. https://www. |
| Source Description | This record is one of the entries in the British convict transportation registers 1787-1867 database compiled by State Library of Queensland from British Home Office (HO) records which are available on microfilm as part of the Australian Joint Copying Pro |
| Original Source | Great Britain. Home Office |
| Compiled By | State Library of Queensland |
| Database Source | British convict transportation registers 1787-1867 database |
Claims
No one has claimed Jonathan Taylor yet.
Photos
No photos have been added for Jonathan Taylor.
Convict Notes
Correction: He was sent to Gibraltar on 4 March, 1851, per the convict ship HAMILLA MITCHELL (not Hamilton Mitchell).
FOOTNOTE: Thomas Whittle, who was also sentenced to 20 years, was aboard the Nile in 1858; see his bio at https://convictrecords.com.au/convicts/whittle/thomas/58996
From the Toodyay Convicts database: Taylor, Jonathon (1821-1865); #4694 1858-01-01 Nile CWA: Mar; 5 chn; miner & engineer; lit; burglary life; worked for self as agriculturalist Mt. Anderson, Toodyay. BDWA: TAYLOR, Jonathon. b. 1821. d. mid 1860s (expiree), arr. 1.1.1858 per Nile, wife & 5 chd. UK. Miner & engineer in UK. He was farming at "Mt. Anderson", Toodyay with Thomas Whittle in 1858. Went to Irwin district where he contracted to make roads. ?Applied for pastoral leases at Irwin. ?Applied for Geraldton Town Lot 1861. He nominated his relatives John b. 1843 & Mary b. 1841 as assisted migrants in 1863. Literate (https://www.toodyay.wa.gov.au/). --00--
IN WA: From his Fremantle jail record: TAYLOR, Jonathan; inmate #4694, arrived 1 Jan 1858 per Nile Date of Birth: 1821 [this concurs with the Portsmouth gaol record] Marital Status: Married 5 children Occupation: Miner, engineer Literacy: Literate Sentence Place: Liverpool, Lancashire, England Crime: Burglary Sentence Period: 20 years Ticket of Leave Date: 18 Mar 1858 Conditional Pardon Date: 5 Jul 1860 Comments: Self-employed as agriculturist, Mount Anderson, Toodyay (https://fremantleprison.com.au/). --00--
8 September, 1857: Jonathan TAYLOR was sent to board the Nile for transportation to WA; convict #9/4155. His behaviour on the voyage was “very good”. (Western Australia, Australia, Convict Records, 1846-1930; Convict Department, Registers; Convicts Transported Per Nile (R32)). His WA Character Book record lists him as a quarryman by trade (Western Australia, Australia, Convict Records, 1846-1930; Convict Department, Registers; Character Book for Nos 4508-5585 (R8)). --00--
4 July, 1857: Admitted to Portsmouth prison, in Penny Street, Portsmouth, Hampshire; inmate #4155. He was listed as 29 years old (when convicted) [this differs from the Liverpool record] and able to read and write. There are dashes in the sections for marital status, occupation, next of kin and religion. “No caption form” is written under “Previous convictions and character”. By this time, he had served 7 years 5 months and 18 days in jail (UK, Prison Commission Records, 1770-1951; Portsmouth Prison; Registers of Prisoners; 1855-1858). --0--
4 March, 1851: He was sent per the Hamilton Mitchell to Gibraltar, where he laboured on public works for 6 years 4 months. The penal servitude system used Gibraltar as an outlying branch of Millbank — “the terrible base prison” in London on whose site the Tate Gallery now stands. “It never promised more remission than one year in four, and sentences were high” (Chipulina 2013). Between 1842 and 1875, Gibraltar, along with Bermuda, was regarded as the second stage in the penal process (along with Portsmouth, Portland and Chatham in England and Spike Island in Ireland) “whereby convicts spent one to three years on public works, after which they would be sent on to Australia” (Chipulina 2013). After separate confinement, prisoners were “placed on work parties at various locations, most commonly naval stations, where maintenance of facilities was vital for the effective protection of Britain’s far flung commercial and military influences around the world. While there, attitude and behaviour were monitored closely. In theory, only after consistently positive reports was a prisoner moved on to the third stage of his incarceration—transportation.” (Edgar 2018, p40). On Gibraltar, as “convicts worked together with free men on the dockyards, lines between them became blurred. Convicts, like seamen, were ‘easily recognised’ by ‘their swarthy, weather beaten complexions…[and] muscular well-knit frames’. The discipline on the penal settlement was also influenced by the naval department, who superintended part of the works. In the 1840s, for example, convicts were provided ‘a half gill of rum’ at 11 AM and 5PM, which they drank from a trough. This mirrored the daily allowance of diluted rum, known as grog, to Royal Naval seamen in the Victorian era. Convicts were also allowed to use part of their earnings, to buy goods, usually tobacco, which they were allowed to smoke in the evening in the barracks. Though official correspondence cited health reasons for grog allowance, it seems likely that the convict authorities feared insubordination if they were banned from drinking and smoking, which were provided to the sappers and dockyard workers whom they worked alongside…. In 1854, the acting overseer stated that “half of the offences were committed when the men were excited by rum”. For more serious offences, convicts were flogged with a ‘cat o’nine tails’ whip against the ‘flogging mast’, and during an investigation Dr William Baly concluded that the whip which was used was an old naval cat, which was ‘much heavier than any now used in the government prison and hulks at home, or in the army.’” (Roscoe, 2018). —0—
26 December, 1850: He was admitted to the Stirling Castle hulk, moored at Devonport, Portsmouth. He was held there for 2 months 5 days. —0—
JAILS: He was held at Liverpool, from 11 January 1850, in association with other prisoners and in separate confinement for 11 months 13 days. “After a sentence of transportation was handed down, the prisoner entered into a separate stage where he was placed into an individual cell, isolated from others, apart from brief periods of exercise and attendance at chapel. However, no communication of any kind with other prisoners was permitted at any time. The philosophy behind this penal methodology had its provenances in the religious, monastic traditions; i.e., that in the isolation of his cell the malefactor would be able to contemplate the errors of his way, unadulterated by the negative influences of former contemporaries, and be reformed.” (Edgar, 2018, pp39-40) When first put into practice, the mandated period of separate confinement was 18 months. By the late 1840s, authorities had conceded that such conditions of imprisonment were “injurious to many prisoners’ mental health” and the stint was reduced to 12 months. Periods of separate confinement were reduced further “as a prisoner displayed good behaviour tendencies” (Edgar, p40). Wakefield, Millbank, Pentonville and Mountjoy in Ireland were the “Probation” or “Separate” prisons, as were some local jails. —0—
TRIAL: Jonathan Taylor (26) was charged in company with Thomas Whittle (25), James Unsworth (37), Edward McKnight (34), John Nuttall alias John Pearce (34), William Taylor (37) and Thomas Tooth (33) for burglary in the house of John Marsh, at Rivington, and stealing 70 sovereigns, 48 crowns, one watch, one snuff box, one hat, one pair of spectacles and other articles belonging to John Marsh. And also -- with all of the above except Thomas Whittle -- of stealing 200 sovereigns, 17 guineas, 50 half-crowns, 50 shillings, one silver tankard, one brooch, one snuff box and 6 silver spoons belonging to Martha Eatock. Outcomes: Jonathan Taylor -- 20 years' transportation Edward McKnight -- 20 years' transportation Thomas Whittle -- 20 years' transportation Unsworth -- no bill Taylor -- no bill Tooth -- no bill Nuttall -- no bill (UK, Prison Commission Records, 1770-1951; Liverpool Gaol; Calendar of Trials to 1874). --00--